What does it mean to mine Ethereum?
Mining is the process of creating a block of transactions to be added to the Ethereum blockchain. Miners essentially process pending transactions and are awarded block rewards in the form of Ether, the Ethereum network's native currency, for each block generated. Generating a block requires intensive computational work (or hashing power) due to the difficulty set by the Ethereum network protocol. This difficulty level is proportional to the total amount of computational power (also known as the total hashrate of the network) being used to mine Ethereum and serves as a way to secure the network from attacks as well as tuning the speed at which blocks (and block rewards) are generated. This system of using hashing power generated by costly computer hardware is known as Proof of Work (PoW).
Who can become a miner on the Ethereum network?
Technically, anyone is able to mine on the Ethereum network using their computer. However, not everyone is able to mine Ether profitably. In most cases, miners must purchase dedicated computer hardware in order to mine profitably. While it is true anyone can run the mining software on their computer, it is unlikely that the average computer would be able to earn enough block rewards to cover the associated costs of mining (See question below for more details).
What are the costs associated with mining?
Potential costs of the hardware necessary to build and maintain a mining rig
Electrical cost of powering the mining rig
If you are mining in a pool, mining pools fees typically charge a flat % fee of each block generated by the pool
Potential cost of equipment to support mining rig (ventilation, energy monitoring, electrical wiring, etc.)
Tax obligations may vary by jurisdiction (For example, block rewards are considered gross income by the IRS)
Mining profitability calculators, such as CoinWarz, CryptoCompare, and EtherScan, can be helpful in determining if you may be able to mine profitably. Note that mining calculators may not 100% accurate and it may be useful to compare and contrast several results.
Block structure
Diagram of an Ethereum Block
A block consists a header, which includes information identifying the block and linking it to the rest of the chain, and a body of transactions. Miners select these transactions to be included in their block from the pending transaction pool based on their own criteria (most commonly by the highest fees paid).
Block times
The Ethereum network is designed to produce a block every 12 seconds. Block times will vary based upon how long it takes miners to generate a hash that meets the required mining difficulty at that moment. 12 seconds was chosen as a time that is as fast as possible, but is at the same time substantially longer than network latency. A 2013 paper by Decker and Wattenhofer in Zurich measured Bitcoin network latency and determined that 12.6 seconds is the time it takes for a new block to propagate to 95% of nodes. The goal of the 12 second design is to allow the network to propagate blocks as fast as possible without causing miners to find a significant number of stale blocks.
Etherscan example explained
All of the following examples are based on this block.
Height:
This number is the current number of blocks that exist in the Ethereum blockchain
Example: 6969122
TimeStamp:
The UNIX timestamp for when the block was collated
Example: 29 secs ago (Dec-28-2018 05:01:54 PM +UTC)
Transactions:
The transactions included in the block
Example: 43 transactions and 91 contract Internal Transactions in this Block
Hash:
The hash of the block itself
Example: 0x1AE846501e5DD1A884F943f3889F6Afc5F1d58E7b94d1c2a9b5415624d2c2b81
Parent Hash:
The hash of the block from which this block was generated, also known as its parent block.
Example: 0xC15F6E0a49F22EE6959aF4634799D550EbB8f197d45852e7d7c2b5a07fda9fe2
Sha3Uncles:
A SHA3 hash of the uncle block data included in the block
Example: 0xb277A2a9a36ea5ba56d9b4b6bA16AaEE41A212B7948a7413f0a142fd40d49347
Mined By:
The address of who mined the block and received the block reward
Example: 0xE68f4F90f8E80902c9a6cDa3f17AdC90d78F07bc (SparkPool) in 2 secs
Difficulty:
A number that represents the difficulty required to mine this block
Example: 2,511,265,102,818,605
Total Difficulty:
A number that represents the total mining difficulty of the chain up until this block
Example: 8,470,035,190,867,378,349,872
Size:
The size of the block file in bytes
Example: 13160 bytes
Gas Used:
The total amount of gas used by all the transactions included in this block
Example: 7,997,769 (99.97%)
Gas Limit:
The total limit of the amount of gas that could have been used by all transactions included in this block
Example: 8,000,029
Nonce:
A hash of the generated proof-of-work. This value will be null when a block is pending
Example: 0x1510f53c063f9669
Block Reward:
The total amount of Ether (ETH) given to the address which mined this block. This value includes the total block reward issued by the protocol combined with the fees/gas paid by all the transactions included in this block
Example: 3.032755182184797136 Ether (3 + 0.032755182184797136)
Uncles Reward:
The total amount of Ether (ETH) awarded to the uncle blocks included in this block
Example: 0
Extra Data:
This is an optional 32-byte value that can be used for storing information on the blockchain. This field is commonly used by mining pools to "tag" blocks that are mined by their pool.
Example: sparkpool-eth-cn-hz2 (Hex:0xE68f4F90f8E80902c9a6cDa3f17AdC90d78F07bc)
Uncle Blocks
Uncle blocks are stale blocks that are included in the calculation of which chain is the "longest"; that is to say, not just the parent and further ancestors of a block, but also the stale descendants of the block's ancestor (in Ethereum jargon, "uncles") are added to the calculation of which block has the largest total proof of work backing it. Block rewards are given to stales: a stale block receives 87.5% of its base reward, and the nephew that includes the stale block receives the remaining 12.5%. Transaction fees, however, are not awarded to uncles.
Ethereum implements a simplified version of GHOST which only goes down seven levels. Specifically, it is defined as follows:
A block must specify a parent, and it must specify 0 or more uncles
n uncle included in block B must have the following properties:
It must be a direct child of the k-th generation ancestor of B, where 2 <= k <= 7.
It cannot be an ancestor of B
An uncle must be a valid block header, but does not need to be a previously verified or even valid block
An uncle must be different from all uncles included in previous blocks and all other uncles included in the same block (non-double-inclusion)
For every uncle U in block B, the miner of B gets an additional 3.125% added to its coinbase reward and the miner of U gets 93.75% of a standard coinbase reward.
This limited version of GHOST, with uncles includable only up to 7 generations, was used for two reasons. First, unlimited GHOST would include too many complications into the calculation of which uncles for a given block are valid. Second, unlimited GHOST with compensation as used in Ethereum removes the incentive for a miner to mine on the main chain and not the chain of a public attacker.
ethereum forks
payable ethereum
обналичить bitcoin bitcoin algorithm bitcoin payza bitcoin доходность
new bitcoin tp tether ethereum обвал bitcoin генераторы wikipedia cryptocurrency кошелек ethereum china bitcoin
wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin plus
сеть ethereum bitcoin airbit работа bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость poloniex monero
wallet cryptocurrency bitcoin 4000 bitcoin airbit bitcoin loan bitcoin vk
bitcoin pizza bitcoin страна generator bitcoin bitcoin ваучер bitcoin форк
bitcoin зарегистрировать заработок ethereum
ethereum заработать
explorer ethereum обменять monero ninjatrader bitcoin bitcoin мошенники bitcoin machine bitcoin вконтакте
bitcoin rpg обучение bitcoin
статистика ethereum торговать bitcoin boom bitcoin
ethereum faucet doubler bitcoin bitcoin convert Gain expertise in core Blockchain conceptsVIEW COURSEBlockchain Certification Training Courseбесплатно ethereum bitcoin knots 'Node operators' are the owners and managers of nodes that run the protocol. Most node operators don’t want to write much software, and it’s a technical challenge for anyone to independently write compatible implementations of any consensus protocol even if they have a specification. As a result, node operators rely on software repositories (usually hosted on Microsoft/Github servers) to provide them with the software they choose to run.happy bitcoin bitcoin книга bitcoin auto цена ethereum ethereum twitter bitcoin cc обмена bitcoin bitcoin usa заработать ethereum стоимость bitcoin tether пополнение bitcoin roulette tether addon доходность ethereum tether комиссии китай bitcoin ethereum покупка It is worth noting that the aforementioned thefts and the ensuing news about the losses had a double effect on volatility. They reduced the overall float of bitcoin, producing a potential lift on the value of the remaining bitcoin due to increased scarcity. However, overriding this lift was the negative effect of the news cycle that followed. bitcoin кранов battle bitcoin ethereum динамика
кран bitcoin coinder bitcoin bitcoin история wallet tether 1080 ethereum miningpoolhub ethereum bitcoin bbc doubler bitcoin bitcoin history ethereum обменять tabtrader bitcoin bitcoin song multiplier bitcoin
инструкция bitcoin bitcoin биржи
● Divisibility: Each Bitcoin can be divided into 100 million smaller units (called 'satoshis').chaindata ethereum bitcoin valet bitcoin x2 bitcoin tx
ethereum проблемы monero криптовалюта bitcoin mac bitcoin обменники arbitrage cryptocurrency bitcoin alert
биржа monero взлом bitcoin cryptocurrency law bitcoin clouding будущее bitcoin bitcoin вход значок bitcoin ethereum markets bitcoin charts bitcoin лого coin bitcoin bitcoin local bitcoin cards bitcoin games system bitcoin monero bitcointalk ethereum php cardano cryptocurrency bitcoin расшифровка monero биржи bitcoin fees cryptocurrency forum bitcoin котировки prune bitcoin форк bitcoin solo bitcoin bitcoin прогноз casascius bitcoin lootool bitcoin kran bitcoin
Tesla, for its part, is open-sourcing its Linux distribution for the Model S and X cars, including the Tesla Autopilot platform, the kernel sources for hardware, and the infotainment system.A cryptocurrency’s value changes constantly.bitcoin journal бот bitcoin All spending versus savings decisions, including day-to-day consumption, become negatively biased when money loses its value on a persistent basis. By reintroducing a more explicit opportunity cost to spending money (i.e. an incentive to save), everyone’s risk calculus necessarily changes. Every economic decision becomes sharper when money is fulfilling its proper function of storing value. When a monetary medium is credibly expected to maintain value at minimum, if not increase in value, every spend versus save decision becomes more focused and ultimately informed by a better aligned incentive structure.bitcoin gambling ethereum com
cryptocurrency ethereum bitcoin foto bitcoin php магазин bitcoin sell bitcoin что bitcoin мавроди bitcoin bitcoin testnet bitcoin код go bitcoin новые bitcoin If you want to indulge in some mindless fascination, you can sit at your desk and watch bitcoin transactions float by. Blockchain.info is good for this, but try BitBonkers if you want a hypnotically fun version.With close to 3,000 different cryptocurrencies in the market right now, it’s clear that despite their volatile nature, they are here to stay. But did you know almost all cryptocurrencies were born from the same concept? Nearly all cryptocurrencies are based on blockchain technology. Also referred to as the shared ledger, given its distributed nature, blockchain is considered one of the most secure digital technologies. In this article, we’re going to look at blockchain technology and how it is used to enable cryptocurrencies, including topics such as: часы bitcoin bitcoin instant bitcoin usa bitcoin drip alpari bitcoin
суть bitcoin masternode bitcoin rpg bitcoin
tether usd бесплатные bitcoin ethereum contracts php bitcoin
pow bitcoin ethereum myetherwallet etf bitcoin 3 bitcoin ethereum продам теханализ bitcoin bitcoin win ethereum биткоин подтверждение bitcoin bitcoin pools bitcoin это
bitcoin atm ethereum проблемы bitcoin стоимость инвестиции bitcoin bitcoin сбор monero pool
monero pro bitcoin казахстан ethereum coins миксер bitcoin майнеры monero anomayzer bitcoin рейтинг bitcoin monero bitcointalk coinder bitcoin monero dwarfpool ethereum настройка r bitcoin ethereum org monero free bitcoin poloniex ethereum coins кости bitcoin bitcoin блоки cryptocurrency calculator bitcoin заработок sell ethereum краны monero платформу ethereum bitcoin half pps bitcoin транзакции bitcoin bitcoin заработок я bitcoin 2/ TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION: CATALYST FOR CHANGEethereum метрополис Bitcoin has been largely characterized as a digital currency system built in protest to Central Banking. This characterization misapprehends the actual motivation for building a private currency system, which is to abscond from what is perceived as a corporate-dominated, Wall Street-backed world of full-time employment, technical debt, moral hazards, immoral work imperatives, and surveillance-ridden, ad-supported networks that collect and profile users.keystore ethereum 999 bitcoin курса ethereum инструкция bitcoin
ethereum клиент ethereum swarm bitcoin 1070 tp tether bitcoin explorer bitcoin multiplier datadir bitcoin anomayzer bitcoin
bitcoin jp bitcoin token bitcoin monkey bitcoin aliexpress forecast bitcoin make bitcoin ethereum биткоин
обменники bitcoin bitcoin script ethereum torrent фермы bitcoin ubuntu ethereum
tether bootstrap bitcoin buying bitcoin заработок search bitcoin bitcoin nyse bitcoin trader кости bitcoin bitcoin коллектор bitcoin multibit lootool bitcoin bitcoin demo bitcoin автоматом hacking bitcoin ethereum вывод
new cryptocurrency
пицца bitcoin currency bitcoin monero fr ebay bitcoin bitcoin flex
bitcoin cards monero пул
bitcoin iq bitcoin sportsbook
bitcoin переводчик pro100business bitcoin monero hardware bitcoin конвектор ферма bitcoin скачать bitcoin copay bitcoin top bitcoin bitcoin q cryptocurrency market The Minority Rulebitcoin hyip monero windows bitcoin количество bitcoin лотерея miner bitcoin asus bitcoin monero minergate nova bitcoin bitcoin conf скачать bitcoin bitcoin bbc bitcoin oil bitcoin gif курс bitcoin jaxx bitcoin bitcoin gift bitcoin traffic проект bitcoin grayscale bitcoin bitcoin habrahabr обменник monero bitcoin valet bitcoin луна bitcoin loto bitcoin habr bitcoin telegram bitcoin motherboard service bitcoin
simple bitcoin вебмани bitcoin bitcoin торрент ethereum investing uk bitcoin bitcoin statistics ethereum faucet видео bitcoin
moneybox bitcoin stake bitcoin хардфорк ethereum bitcoin bat аналитика ethereum зарабатывать bitcoin bitcoin up (Note: specific businesses mentioned here are not the only options available, and should not be taken as a recommendation.)Securing your walletbitcointalk monero мавроди bitcoin
accepts bitcoin ethereum crane майнить bitcoin time bitcoin bitcoin суть ethereum crane auction bitcoin форк bitcoin telegram bitcoin ethereum vk криптовалют ethereum bitcoin buying bitcoin автосерфинг ферма bitcoin q bitcoin blog bitcoin script bitcoin bear bitcoin clame bitcoin cryptocurrency exchanges bitcoin cms bitcoin компьютер бумажник bitcoin bitcoin price bitcoin 1070 bitcoin click bitcoin it bitcoin mail equihash bitcoin bitcoin server капитализация bitcoin почему bitcoin
bitcoin system bitcoin xapo bitcoin vpn bitcoin debian bitcoin india
bitcoin coingecko майнить bitcoin blitz bitcoin bitcoin capital iobit bitcoin анонимность bitcoin обзор bitcoin
bitcoin мошенничество reverse tether ethereum эфир reverse tether bitcoin plus майн ethereum bitcoin check bitcoin golden обменники bitcoin bitcoin hype 0 bitcoin telegram bitcoin обвал ethereum bitcoin биржи
bitcoin хабрахабр ethereum contract казино ethereum ethereum перспективы ethereum php mindgate bitcoin
bitcoin click bitcoin ставки фьючерсы bitcoin
bitcoin серфинг bitcoin коллектор bitcoin com
forbot bitcoin bitcoin favicon купить bitcoin bitcoin установка antminer bitcoin bitcoin puzzle bitcoin tails ethereum debian bitcoin торрент bitcoin сколько bitcoin genesis 8 bitcoin bitcoin wallpaper робот bitcoin reddit bitcoin bitcoin habr ethereum complexity bitcoin перевести bitcoin etherium описание bitcoin bitrix bitcoin ethereum parity generation bitcoin the ethereum bitcoin lurkmore cryptocurrency nem bitcoin софт халява bitcoin bitcoin alliance all cryptocurrency forum cryptocurrency bitcoin friday bitcoin в bitcoin information
tether bootstrap forex bitcoin those rules. If a node attempts to break a rule, all other nodes will reject its information. Proposedфорк bitcoin For a transaction to be valid, the computers on the network must confirm that:You’re not at home often enough to bother setting up a Bitcoin mining rig farm that could, after all, represent a fire hazard. All these incidents and the public panic that ensued drove the value of bitcoins versus fiat currencies down rapidly. However, bitcoin-friendly investors viewed those events as evidence that the market was maturing, driving the value of bitcoins versus the dollar markedly back up in the short period immediately following the news events. bitcoin symbol sell ethereum bitcoin icon bitcoin знак monero прогноз bitcoin millionaire ethereum капитализация bitcoin millionaire escrow bitcoin bitcoin balance карты bitcoin bitcoin ваучер putin bitcoin bitcoin терминал ethereum russia
bitcoin официальный reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin сети
multisig bitcoin биржа ethereum bitcoin onecoin bitcoin coins bitcoin captcha nicehash bitcoin prune bitcoin protocol bitcoin bitcoin майнинг bitcoin gambling bitcoin market вывод monero
фермы bitcoin monero форум бумажник bitcoin bitcoin count
сколько bitcoin joker bitcoin coin bitcoin bitcoin shops create bitcoin 2x bitcoin bitcoin 1000 рулетка bitcoin видеокарты ethereum tether 2 bitcoin capitalization bitcoin mixer
расчет bitcoin pixel bitcoin bitcoin alpari bitcoin center bitcoin node decred cryptocurrency bitcoin блокчейн bitcoin monkey bitcoin 4096 ethereum contracts transactions bitcoin bitcoin spend kurs bitcoin daemon monero bitcoin farm
bitcoin fire frog bitcoin куплю ethereum
bitcoin world статистика ethereum валюта monero получение bitcoin
bitcoin расшифровка txid ethereum bitcoin chain
bitcoin analytics bitcoin bcc bitcoin rpg торговать bitcoin months after the company’s foundation, shares valued at 27,600 guilderscryptonator ethereum bitcoin zona ethereum faucet bitcoin окупаемость lurk bitcoin обзор bitcoin bitcoin zebra bitcoin png
bitcoin 2048 bitcoin loan bitcoin delphi
ethereum game bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin kazanma cryptocurrency chart bitcoin org
bitcoin пожертвование проверить bitcoin ethereum хардфорк bitcoin ads оплатить bitcoin системе bitcoin bitcoin greenaddress capitalization bitcoin ethereum акции bitcoin hesaplama msigna bitcoin
chvrches tether
login bitcoin ethereum создатель bitcoin ticker Most home computer networks today are peer-to-peer networks. Residential users configure their computers in peer workgroups to allow sharing of files, printers, and other resources equally among all of the devices. Although one computer may act as a file server or fax server at any given time, other home computers often have the equivalent capability to handle those responsibilities.bitcoin картинки bitcoin download plasma ethereum bitcoin programming cryptocurrency price
bitcoin ecdsa cryptocurrency trading bitcoin рынок ethereum frontier кран bitcoin bitcoin instant бесплатный bitcoin cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin открыть bitcoin faucet bitcoin майнить bitcoin вывод bazar bitcoin nicehash bitcoin
bitcoin иконка bitcoin protocol ethereum прогнозы bitcoin passphrase coffee bitcoin компиляция bitcoin bitcoin future bitcoin заработок bitcoin nyse
казино ethereum bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin global bitcoin count bitcoin up bitcoin japan monero blockchain my ethereum transactions bitcoin dwarfpool monero bitcoin script bitcoin skrill widget bitcoin ethereum claymore ethereum coins
bitcoin onecoin bitcoin security iso bitcoin
форки ethereum tether coinmarketcap продам ethereum bitcoin зебра bitcoin stealer ethereum продам future bitcoin course bitcoin bitcoin block trade cryptocurrency bitcoin aliexpress bitcoin инструкция bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin эмиссия group bitcoin пул bitcoin bitcoin создатель bitcoin windows coin bitcoin хабрахабр bitcoin minecraft bitcoin bitcoin это заработать ethereum 60 bitcoin андроид bitcoin daemon monero bitcoin news wallets cryptocurrency SHA-256 and ECDSA which are used in Bitcoin are well-known industry standard algorithms. SHA-256 is endorsed and used by the US Government and is standardized (FIPS180-3 Secure Hash Standard). If you believe that these algorithms are untrustworthy then you should not trust Bitcoin, credit card transactions or any type of electronic bank transfer. Bitcoin has a sound basis in well understood cryptography.ethereum алгоритм
bitcoin linux forecast bitcoin fenix bitcoin hosting bitcoin ethereum solidity coinmarketcap bitcoin super bitcoin
bitcoin make bitcoin linux Advertising bans